Advantages and Disadvantages of a Monopoly Term Paper

Advantages and Disadvantages of a Monopoly - Term Paper ExampleThe device characteristics of a monopoly include the aim of champion seller and some(prenominal) buyers in the market, resulting in the seller having total market power on quantity and price. In a monopoly market structure, there are no blind drunk substitutes for the good or service supplied by the monopoly resulting in consumers having to purchase at the set price by the monopoly, and lack of perfect information for the consumers (Tragakes, 2011). The other characteristic of a monopoly is presence of high entry barriers caused by factors including high capital requirement, natural causes, and ownership of production resources by the firm. Microsoft ownership of the windows operating system denounce is an example when monopoly results from the ownership of a scarce resource in the economy. The other reasons for the high entry barriers in a monopoly include Government Issue of unmatchable license and ownership of p atent rights for production. The other characteristics in a monopoly market face inelastic price elasticity of demand owing to lack of substitutes and consumers vex to purchase at prices set by the monopoly allowing for abnormal profits (Tragakes, 2011). Monopoly, therefore, produces low quantity and sells at a high price. Examples of monopoly include Feet-First Pharmaceutical and power bestow firm in a country where there is only one operating license provided by the government. Royal Mail Group was until 2006, a monopoly for the presence of only one operating license but was opened for competition to ensure efficiency in service delivery (Samuelson & Stephen, 2012).Monopolies have certain advantages in the economy owing to the characteristics of the market they operate. The advantages include stability of the monopoly in terms of changes in economic terms such as a recession. A monopoly consists of one large firm that supplies a product to the entire market owing to high resourc e

Workplace of tomorrow Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Workplace of tomorrow - Essay ExampleMalone in his book, The Future Arrived Yesterday, has tending(p) a good introduction to the workplace of the future and has shown the way to build tomorrows workplace. He describes the changing paradigm and shows the way as to how companies crumb build the workplace of the future by innovation, energeticness and an ability to adapt to rapidly changing trends. He has characterized the workplace of tomorrow as a nimble ever changing entity that adapts itself to new trends and provides challenges to the employees in terms of the work that they do as well as making them intellectually and emotionally fulfilling.The need of the second is to provide employees with intellectual challenges and emotional fulfillment. To quote from the book about the workplace of tomorrow, What I am talking about is the kind of tough-minded leadership that sees people-oriented counsel as a competitive advantage, one that increases productivity and innovation, reduces t urnover, and makes the company less vulnerable to market shifts and to competitive shocks. This is management that fulfills the spiritual, emotional, and moral needs of subordinates not because it is inherently decent (though that is certainly the grounding for these actions), but because it makes the organization they inhabit more effective. This is the kind of pragmatic leadership that historically has been found in the best managed and nearly admired organizations, from Hewlett-Packard and IBM a half-century ago to Grameen Bank and Google today. These firms are inevitably admired for their innovation, their employee policies and work environments, and their contributions to society, but what they should be celebrated for most is their recognition that the secret to twist an unbeatable, world-class enterprise lies in understanding not just the heads, but the hearts, of their employees and customers. (Malone, 2009)As the above paragraph shows, the workplace of tomorrow would be c haracterized by flexibility

Collapse of the Soviet Union Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Collapse of the Soviet sum of money - Term Paper Examplehe US of masterminding the autumn of this great democracy as it was only the fall of the Soviet sodality that would have made the US the sole superpower in the world.The Soviet wedding utterly rejected the cultures and values of the west as they were in full control of their lives and it was not until the crinkle of the republic that the individual countries that constituted the old republic begin to accept some norms and values of the west. The Soviet Union also were also advanced in the art of warfare and they were technologically advanced during that menses and it was only very few countries that could match up with its strength.The collapse of the Soviet was unarguably one of the most controversial events of the twentieth century and the collapse of the Soviet bloc still has far-reaching consequences in the world today and the impacts would continue to be felt in the years that follow. Countries of the former Soviet U nion have been truly affected by the collapse of the bloc, while some countrieslike Russia and Estonia have come out of the Soviet Union punishing, some like Armenia and Azerbaijan have large(p) weaker. The effect of the collapse on the countries of the Soviet Union shall be highlighted in this paper and it would help us to know the countries that were greatly affected by the collapse and the ones that the collapse had little or no effect on.Though, the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, there had been cracks in the walls that held the republic together (Remnick 19). The collapse of the Soviet Union with its fortified walls shows that there is no great country, civilization or republic that cannot crumble and its fall is a lesson to other powers of the world, especially the superpower US. The Soviet Union looked so strong after the Second World War to the ninth decade of that century. The strength of the Soviet Union was made possible by the strong communist and totalitarian regime in the region at that time.The collapse of the Soviet Union happened

Macbeth a tragic hero Essay Example for Free

Macbeth a tragic hero EssayA Tragic Hero is a common figure in many of Shakespeares works. A Tragic Hero is usually a figure of royalty, fame or greatness. This person is predominately good, but falls from prominence due to personality flaws that at last lead to self-destruction. Macbeths major flaws are his ambition and impressionability. Due to their flaws, a Tragic Heros setions are often atrocious and cause them to battle with their conscience after their commits endure been accomplished. These battles with their conscience evoke empathy from the audience. A Shakespearean Tragic Hero allow always lose their life in the end of the play as a result of re-establishment of what is good in the play. In Shakespeares Macbeth, the title figure of the play can be seen as the Tragic Hero.There are many factors which get to the decline of Macbeth. The three main factors which contribute greatly to Macbeths degeneration are the prophecies which were told to him by the witches, Lad y Macbeths influence and ability to manipulate Macbeths judgment, and finally Macbeths long meter ambition which drove his desire to be king. Macbeths growing character decays from a noble man to a violent individual.When the play begins, Macbeths greatness is already established. Macbeth has already earned the title of Thane of Glamis and will soon be father the Thane of Cawdor. The fact that he has these titles demonstrates to the reader that Macbeth is good and an important figure of responsibility. He is also addressed as Valiant cousin, worthy gentlemen. (Shakespeare 12 26), Brave Macbeth, well he deserves that name. (Shakespeare 12 18) and as Worthy Thane. by King Duncan.They way in which he is addressed by the influential members of his country further informs the reader that Macbeth is respectable. However, after Macbeth interacts with the three witches, his curiosity is stirred by their prophecies, especially their prediction that he will become king. He commits murder in order to fulfill their prophecy and then returns to the three witches a second time for reassurance. The three witches, with the financial aid of three apparitions, then revealed to Macbeth in Act 5, Scene 1 the following propheciesMacbeth Macbeth Macbeth Beware Macduff Beware the Than ofFifeMacbeth Macbeth Macbeth Be bloody, bold and resolute. Laugh to scorn the power of man, for none of woman born shall harm MacbethBe lion-mettled, proud and take no care who chafes, who frets or where conspirers are. Macbeth shall never vanquished be until Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill shall come against him.(Shakespeare 41 80-107)Because of these predictions, Macbeth believes that no one can harm him. However, this is a false sense of security. Macduff, who was born by a Caesarean section and hence was not born of woman, ultimately killed Macbeth, thus revealing that the witches predictions were only half-truths.Macbeths good nature is increasingly defeated by one of his major flaws- ambition. His ambition and desire to become king leads Macbeth to take rash and sudden actions that are immoral. This includes ordering the murders of his friend Banquo and his son and Lady Macduff and her children, as well as personally use the murder of King Duncan. His ambition is also displayed by his willingness to kill anyone who threatens his power.Macbeth is largely influenced not only by the three witches, but by Lady Macbeth as well. Lady Macbeth encourages Macbeth to murder the king, Duncan. She helps plan out the murder and even offers to do it herself. When Macbeth changes his mind and decides not to carry out Duncans murder, Lady Macbeth questions his masculinity and love for her.We will proceed no further in this business. From this time such I account thy love. Art thou afeard to be the same in thine act and valor as thou art in desire? Woudst thou have that which thou esteemst the ornament of life and live a coward in thine birth esteem, letting I dare not wait up on I would, like the poor cat I th adage?When you durst do it, then you were a man And to be more than you were, you would be so much more than a manThey have made themselves and that their fitness now does unmake you(Shakespeare 17 34-62)After Lady Macbeth accuses him of acting like a coward, he agrees to continue with Duncans murder.Macbeth is a prime example of a Shakespearean Tragic Hero. He is stand for as a good man who, through his major character flaws- ambition and impressionability- falls from grace. After struggling with his conscience over the evil whole works he had committed throughout the play, Macbeth is killed and the rightful heir to the throne is restored to power.

Risk Assessment Case Study Evaluation Essay Example for Free

Risk Assessment Case Study Evaluation EssayThe peril estimate carapace study evaluates the chromium-contaminated soils. Twelve years of interrogation went into the study to characterize the health hazards caused by the chromium-contaminated soils. Within New Jersey there were at least threesome different chromate chemical manufacturing companies operating, one in Kearny, New Jersey, and the other two in Jersey City. The study was conducted through a human health luck sound judgement, which contains four main steps counterbalance identifying the hazard, second the dose response assessment, fol humbleded by the motion picture assessment, and finalizing with the assay flick. There ar mevery short and ample term health effects found within the attempt assessment, which is one designer that assessment is so important. Looking at the risk assessment that was do within the area, the final implication was the simple fact that a remedial cleaning needed to be done within the area. It seems that there may puzzle been a high embody for the study and the actual cleanup, but the benefit of saving an environs and human health is priceless.Risk assessment studies are really important to human and ecological health, therefore no matter the cost associated the benefit will always be much higher. Looking at the risk assessment of chromium-contaminated soils is important it shows health effects related to chromium and what inevitably to be done to clean the area for further use by mankind and nature. The case study includes a group of hazardous waste locates in Northern New Jersey. At these waste sites a series of unique research efforts were implemented over the past 12 years to improve the accuracy of the Risk Assessment process (Paustenbach, 2002, p. 1). The case study specifically documents the use of apply research to advance the characterization of both(prenominal) video and toxicity associated with the uncontrolled release of hexavalent and trivalent chromium in the form of chromites ore processing residue (COPR) in an urban setting (Paustenbach, 2002). Early investigation began after redevelopment of certain neighborhoods in downtown Jersey City led to the discovery of COPR.Research conducted by the task force revealed that construction companies and hauling firms had sued or sold the COPR to fill basements of demolished buildings, as base for parking lots and buildings, and/or to fill low lying areas (Paustenbach, 2002). A total of 2,138 surfaces and subsurface soil samples, 31 groundwater samples from 31 monitoring wells at seven sites, 33 ambient air samples, 19 surface-water and 11 sediment samples, and eight building wall wipe samples were collected and analyzed during the remedial investigation that was conducted by Environmental Sciences and Engineering (ESE).As a result of the investigations conducted in the late 1980s it was clear that there was considerable uncertainty about how better to characterize the p otential health risks associated with the COPR sites. The human health risk assessment a development used to process the estimation, the nature, and the chance of an unfortunate health effects occurring in humans who may be overt to chemicals contaminated with environmental media (EPA, 2012, p. 1).The risk assessment can be categorized into four steps the hazard identification, the dose-response assessment, the exposure assessment, and the risk characterization. The easiest to perform and the most recognizable, the depression step is to identify the hazards. Hazard identification determines whether exposure to a hazardous agent could be a risk for the health of humans. The assessment also considers the exposure to animals and how the hazardous agent may assume or adversely affect the animals.The second step, the dose-response assessment is the process of characterizing the relation between the dose of an agent administered or received and the incidence of an adverse health effect in exposed populations and estimating the incidence of the effect as a function of exposure to the agent (Paustenbach, 2002, p. 1). Influencing issues are a variable in the second step, such as age, gender, routines, the amount they are exposed, and the volume that they are exposed. A dose-response relationship describes how the possibility and severity of adverse health effects are related to the amount and condition of exposure to an agent (EPA, 2012, p. 1). The third step is the exposure assessment. Exposure assessment is the process wherein the intensity, frequency, and period of human exposure to an agent are estimated (Paustenbach, 2002, p. 1). Last, the final step is the risk characterization. The hazardous effect on health is labeled in the final phase.By calculation and educated guesses, the incidence of a health effect under the various conditions of human or animal exposure described in the exposure assessment is defined. The community has not been significantly affecte d by the COPR containing soils. The property values have been kept intact and the businesses on affected properties have act to operate (Paustenbach, 2002, p. 1). When the COPR was ub the process of disposal, there was little or no concern for the environmental and human health risks that would occur as a result of the statistical distribution of COPR outside the send offt.The potentially exposed populations were defined by onsite and surrounding land use. Exposures to chromium in COPR were assumed to occur via inhalation of suspended soil particulates, dermal contact with soil, and incidental soil ingestion (Paustenbach, 2002, p. 1). The data from the site surveys were used in site-specific risk assessments to quantify exposures. Chapter nine verified that the there were 42 properties affect by the exposure and toxicity assessments (Paustenbach, 2002, p. 1).There were many samples taken. Between 1986 and 1989 a total of 2,138 surface and subsurface soil samples, 31 groundwater samples from monitoring wells situated at 7 sites, 33 ambient air samples, 19 surface-water and 11 sediment samples, and 8 building wall wipe samples were collected and analyzed during the RI (Paustenbach, 2002, p. 1). jump water and soil samples were also taken in the risk assessments. The assessments confirmed that there was indeed a paradox and that a remedial was needed.The risk characterization showed that something needed to be done and remediation was needed for these current vacant lots. Results verified that the exposure and toxicity assessment had a high toxicity in the soil and carcinogenic that people were exposed to in the air, soil, and water. Evidenced proved that indoor broadcast was highly toxic and yielded a link between the dust and chromium levels. High levels of chromium were definite in all tests. The carcinogenic compounds of chromium were not proven in one, though, done on lab rats.The problem was passed around inside the company but was eventually manag ed and is still being handled today. The implications of these assessments have changed with every assessment done. Each assessment could test even more than accurately. The final assessment was that there is a need to concentrated effort on the chromium left from these sites. Each step was precisely performed and accurately carried out. Limitations arose during the first step of identification. Again, the second step dose-response was limited by the research that had been done on chromium.As soon as they would file an assessment, there would be a impudently more accurate test available that would make the report inaccurate. The limitations and newly surfaced assessments left unanswered questions and concerns with the assessments. This 12-year period transformed a time of new developments in testing. With the availability of these new tests it brought the need for more assessments. The final assessments show that cleanup is needed and will require extensive planning to make it hap pen. The assessments were knowing to discover the results of how much chromium was in the area.The effect on the health of humans and the environment was also correlated within the assessments. Over the 12-year period, the assessments were evaluated and fulfilled to their fullest potential. concord to Paustenbach (2002), in Chapter 9, the cost of the 12-year study equaled 10 million dollars in research (Paustenbach, 2002, p. 1). Results can be seen in the undertaking of the removal of soil in these areas and taken to a hazardous material dump in Canada. By lowering the levels of chromium in these areas, like the wetlands, they have save a unique environment in America.According to the Njdep Site Remediation Program (2012) the cleanup in these areas are ongoing and the testing is being posted on this web site to show what the levels are in these areas (NJDEP, 2012). The people living and tameing in the particular areas will most benefit from the program. The people can stay in tun ed with the daily operations, along with the level ratings, through the website. Although the study was lengthy, the studies conducted have lowered the liabilities by almost 1 billion dollars (Paustenbach, 2002, p. 1).The practical implications of the risk assessment were that there would have to be a remedial cleanup. A review of chromium toxicology suggested that valence differentiation in the environment would be key to correctly conniving health-protective cleanup standards and maximizing the benefit of each dollar committed to remediation (Paustenbach, 2002, p. 1). The specific goal approach was practical because it addressed the issues and came up with a plan of effect. Many big companies do not have a plan of action and this hinders the process to be successful in the remediation process.Another reason for the practicality of the risk assessment was that they were able to budget for how much the remedial and the cleanup would cost. Many companies are unable to see have a pl an of action at times like this and cannot for see the cleanup and the cost associated with it. A cost benefit analysis is important when looking at a risk assessment. The cost and benefit analysis reviews the cost and benefit or cleaning up an area. Most analytically reviewed references monetary gains and loses. Looking at the cost and benefits of both scenarios will help decide whether to clean the area or leave it alone.When looking at a CBA there are four different areas that moldiness be looked at first the gross disproportion, the sensitivity analysis, annualisation, and discounting. Gross disproportion is basically a factor when deciding if control measures should be used if the cost are not grossly disproportionate from the benefits the control measures must be used. Sensitivity analysis is taking one or more of the factors and varying them to see if the moment would be any different, this is used to show that control measures will be unsuccessful or that all that can be do ne has been.Then the annualisation, when the costs are worked out year by year with the varying changes in money, is done by looking at the discounting numbers. Discounting is a deeper look into the different cost and benefits of each year, this looks at maintenance costs and other cost that may be incurred. The main problem with the CBA is that there are no set criteria for any of the sections, it is left up to those doing the CBA and those fighting the results must take it to court and the court decides.Have set criteria listed for each aspect will help clarify what needs to be done. A CBA can be very beneficial to the decision of what needs to be done, it just needs a little more work to be more concise. The importance in a risk analysis can be witnessed in the review and evaluation of the risk assessment. The risk assessment of the chromium-contaminated soils in New Jersey the 12-year assessment proved many points. Such an extensive assessment demonstrated an area of strength an d weakness within the risk assessment.The risk assessment is made up of four parts, first identifying the hazard, then looking at the dose response assessment this is followed by the exposure assessment and the risk characterization. Within the risk assessment of the chromium-contaminated soils illustrated that there would be marked improvement with a remedial clean-up of the area. While it may not have been an golden decision, due to the fact, that the CBA has no set criteria. The risk analysis was conducted for 12 years to ensure human safety when living and working within the area the 12 year study also helped form future risk analysis studies.

Race and Ethnicity Essay Example for Free

Race and Ethnicity EssayRace and racial issues ar every around us. Nobody can sneak behind a curtain, or tuck themselves away in a dark room to avoid this in that respect isnt a way to escape racism. Our day to day lives are filled with stereotypes and overgeneralizations that make us think and judge the wrong way. We werent born(p) into a race or into a category, but rather into a large melting pot. As Tim Wise said, majority of cops when asked What would you assume about a Black or Latino male who lives in a shady neighborhood and has a nice, new car? would respond those men are much than likely drug dealers just because of their race, when in fact, when compared to Black and Latino males, White males are four times more likely to be in willpower of drugs at the time of an arrest. Our founders did not want this to be the case. Abraham Lincoln fought to end slavery and abolish the inequality between Human Beings, not guide us in to thinking the color of our skin shapes us and the opinions we bring in for others based on their race.Can you confide that ninety-four percent of White Americans believe that racial problems are a small issue like not world able to find the match to your shoe, whereas the other six percent are fully aware that this is a huge controversial issue? Those tribe who believe racism has dwindled down that much need to have an eye opener. mass of White Americans are the ones who stereotype and categorize those of a different skin color. It is us White Americans who benefit from being the main race, and having the White privilege. more(prenominal) people need to go to a Black neighborhood and talk to those who see racism every day because in the area that about half(prenominal) of us live, racism is small compared to a large city. White privilege might have begun around the same time slavery had. White people, being the majority, saw the new race as an opportunity to become supreme ruler over something, to have large groups o f people work for them. The African American community thought differently, and tried running away.Infuriated, the Whites began on a whole new level believing anyone who ran away from the plantation was sick. Slavery in general, helped create white privilege and stereotype all African Americans into the working type, and now the druggies. All these past experiences have made it harder for African Americans to strive in our society. In previous decades, they deliberately separated White and Black neighborhoods, and when a Black moved into a White neighborhood, the houses value and the neighborhoods value decreased just because the people who moved there were of a different color.It is absolutely ridiculous that racism is still around about just as much as it was heptad years ago. Anybody with logical thinking would believe that it would have dwindled down to something less severe. Unfortunately, several towns are still divided and segregated because of race and skin color. I hope I get to see every race and skin color come together and work together fully, across the nation forward Im fifty, thats thirty three years from now.

Strengths And The Weaknesses Of The Companys Approach Marketing Essay

Strengths And The Weaknesses Of The Companys Approach Marketing EssayThe emergence of environmental awargonness has necessitated occupationes to change their practices with friendships to environmental issues. Businesses commit adoptive different strategies to comply with government policies and to maintain food market sh ar. Wm Morrison started life in 1899 as an egg and butter merchant and has grown to break down the UKs fourth largest supermarket chain. Morrisons bodied right reports identify modifyments in Morrisons environmental dodging in terms of reducing their overall impact on the environment however, several targets have not been met, leading us to question the troupes efforts in implementing changes. Morrisons is influenced by stakeholders who influence the policies implemented by businesses. RECOMMENDATION.The United Kingdom was late to effect environmental legislation, only inclineance in its Environmental Protection Act in 1990, thus suggesting why policies may not be completely implemented across businesses (BGM.) Corporate environmental management will increasingly be seen as an incentive of doing business (cem.) In recent years there has been a progressive change in the production and consumption of food products in terms of sourcing products from topical anesthetic ancestrys or abroad. Approximately 70 billion pounds is spent on the food market with well-nigh 80% going to supermarkets, Morrisons market share of this has fallen to 11.8% from 12.2% over the past year.Morrisons once an independent small high street shop expanded to become a national corporation and subsequently impacting the environment at local, national and global levels. Morrisons use the phrase Different and Better than Ever in assemble to signal to clients that they are laissez passering something unique in the competitive market therefore much competition is dependent upon price. The implementation of corporate social responsibility can be used not only to a ttract ethical customers but attempt to differentiate and develop a unique selling point. Morrisons is a Public Liability Company therefore aims is to maximize shareholder wealth however the needs of other stakeholders, customers, suppliers and governments must also be considered. Integrating the companies sight to be the food specialist for everyone, Morrisons environmental goals include taking care of the planet mainly focusing upon climate change, waste and sustainability which address the growing raise in the environment (cem.)Morrisons have improved the energy efficiency of stores, limited carbon emissions in the distribution process, reduced packaging and sourced products locally from sustainable sources. The company has invested heavily in its distribution, IT and logistics and now owns its own supply chain, manufacturing site and Market Street. The in-house structure ensures processes have little impact upon the environment, by reducing transportation be if ownership is i n close geographic proximity. Negatively vertical integration can potentially lead to high costs due to low efficiencies resulting from lose of supplier competition.Morrisons 2011 Corporate duty review highlighted almost 35,000 tonnes of waste was sent to landfill in 2010/11 and their carbon footprint in 2010 was, 1,417,376 tonnes CO2e. In comparison to 2005, cycle increased by 72% and there was a 12% reduction in Morrisons carbon footprint. Cleaner fridge cooling governances in stores resulted in a 40% reduction in refrigeration gas emissions. Morrisons aim to reduce carbon used by stores, offices, food manufacturing, packing facilities and distribution centres. Morrisons are successfully reducing their environmental impact and aim to reduce operational emissions by 30% by 2020. All of these strategies will positively influence the environment.Morrisons 2007 Corporate Responsibility review stated by 2010 there would be a 10% increase in renewable usage, a 15% reduction in piss ing and a 36% reduction in their carbon foot print. All of these targets have not universe achieved by the supermarket and the achieve by date has been extended. This illustrates short implementation of policies and targets across the company. Compared to other supermarket chains Morrisons is not highly rated for producing, implementing and achieving environmental targets. Although Morrisons say they are improving their environmental strategy by making much(prenominal) of a conscious effort into achieving goals, these results identify that plans and targets may not be taken as seriously as necessary.Although Morrisons state they are reducing the environmental impact on products produced through their own manufacturing sites, other suppliers and their impact upon the environment are not mentioned. Thus indicating little or no effort is being made in terms of reducing all manufacturing sites to improve their impact on the environment. The impact of unmonitored suppliers will negat ively influence the environment. It can be questioned whether Morrisons practices are markedly different than other companies in regards to improving their impact upon the environment.The production, packaging and distribution of food products impacts negatively upon the environment increasing the atmospheric pollution and its contract costs on human health, damage to crops and causing deaths to animals. On average packaging makes up nearly a quarter of household waste and 70% of that is food related. As climate change becomes an increasing concern, major supermarkets have seen the opportunity to improve their reputations with high-profile green initiatives. Morrisons have used the reduce, reuse or recycle mantra to urge consumers to use alternatives to plastic bags. Government reports have encouraged the change in everyday habits so environmental concerns are at the forefront of consumers minds. Supermarkets have adopted this strategy by promoting the bag for life, Morrisons have invested in using recycled material and have increased the durability, allowing them to be reused. Policies are likely to be come along integrated in the future (cem.) For example, the Welsh government imposed a ban on free carrier bags in supermarkets, thus positively implementing strategies for the break off of the environment.Morrisons sends large beats of waste to landfill, but now they have set their target to send zero waste to landfill by 2013. This would be a positive strategy to improving their impacts towards the environment. Landfills can affect human health with cancers and respiratory illnesses.Morrisons supply directs to its stored through twelve distributing facilities and using its own fleet which works around the measure to deliver fresh foods. Although Morrisons say they are improving their distribution facilities, it is questionable whether their management of collecting products from suppliers is in fact environmentally friendly. Morrisons target is to impr ove the customers companionship and they achieve this by providing fresh produce daily however this negatively impacts the environment as some air pollutants and particulate matter can be deposited in waters and soils where they enter the food chain consequently impacting animals health.35% of Britons live fifteen and more minutes away from the closest Morrisons shop, this therefore increases the amount of traffic on the road, resulting in harmful gases being emitted into the environment directly affecting human health, damage to buildings and crop production (BGM.) Morrisons state they provide local people with jobs however recruiting staff from remote areas or from a large distance from stores will negatively influencing the environment as increased transport is needed.Morrisons business ethics have become a higher priority as peoples actions and opinions have changed with an increased concern for the environment. Implementing an environmental action plan strengthens Morrisons pu blic dealings enticing customers and investors. For example, Morrisons pride themselves on providing locally grown produce from sustainable resources alongside 100% British meat and milk. The ownership of production helps secure perseveration in the supply chain.Research identified ethical spending and investment has increased dramatically as customers are more willing to pay higher prices for ethical produce. Ethical behaviour adds value, alongside giving the company a competitive advantage. Consumers also want retailers to provide them with environmentally friendly products that are well-off and affordable. The growing importance of environmentally friendly products allows retailers to exploit the opportunity to satisfy customer needs and positively impact the environment (Bgm.) Other strategies adopted by Morrisons were to alter the buying habits of consumers such as providing more information about the origin of products and promoting local food products (cem.) Shoppers like to purchase green food and as people are becoming more aware about waste and environmental matters, the ethically friendly image of companies is welcome by consumers (BGM.)As a result of consumer awareness, government policies and ever-changing technologies Morrisons have adapted their environmental strategy to incorporate these factors. Morrisons has spent thousands of pounds enhancing their companies technology in order to decrease their environmental output. positively technology can help develop and produce new materials and technologies that are sustainable and do not harm the environment. Retailers are proclaiming their commitment to, and achievements in, sustainability. The satisfaction of customer needs with regards to sustainability allows Morrisons to develop a good brand image and retain customers. Morrisons was the first supermarket to be awarded the Carbon Trust Standard highlighting there are successfully increasing their energy awareness through improving technology a nd their vertically integrated business model.Environmental management looks at the interaction and impact of human societies on the environment. Morrisons have used energy monitoring equipment to identify consumption trends in its stores and factories, looking for ways both to save money and to improve their impact upon the environment. Several of the environmental strategies used have positively reduced the impact upon the environment, for example altering a new lighting control system in stores has reduced electricity consumption by approximately 66%. Also, replacing HCFs with HFCs has improved the refrigeration system, alongside answering to governmental policies.Discussions about environmental strategy have increased substantially over the last years, influencing business reactions. Alongside this, Morrisons is influenced by government policy and consumer pressure groups meaning they are likely to ensure that firms which do not take action on the environmental front will lose m arket share (cem.) Morrisons state they are connected to improving the environment and have reporting structures in place, such as the corporate responsibility review, to demonstrate their targets to improving their business in regards to the environment.Another reasons as to why environmental management is implemented within Morrisons is to provide assurance to stakeholders regarding compliance to environmental regulations. The use of environmental management strategies enables us to be assure that resources and necessary amenities humans need to function are available for future generations. Environmental management increases the value of the company as investors are more likely to invest if the company is seen to be answering governmental policies. Also the company are a competitive advantage and is a potential source of productivity improvement. Environmental considerations are likely to form an integral part of commercial normality and indeed competitive in the future (cem.)W eakness in regards to Morrisons environmental management can include the extension of achieve by dates, this negatively reinforces a wrong image about the company, consequently leading to market shares depleting. The collection and distribution of goods, impacts the environment negatively in regards to inefficient strategies. Morrisons do not have an online market for groceries, this both decreases the convenience of shopping which other supermarkets offer but also the amount of pollution is not saved when people are traveling to the stores. Implementing in an online business would improve their environmental management. Delivery vans could deliver services with a decreased amount of environmental impact.Although Morrisons are seen to be heading in the right direction, regarding acting green, they stop at dramatically changing their business overall. Stopping the use of plastic bags or stocking only in season fruit and vegetables could impact upon the choice and convenience of consu mers however this would improve its environmental performance. Rather than producing environmental policy aims, it would be better to see whether Morrisons could act to save the environment rather than just pleasing the customer. Another recommendation regard how Morrisons could exploit additional opportunities to improve its environmental performance is to improve their policy on renewable sources of energy. Currently Morrisons have only produced a report how renewable energy can improve savings in regards to dairy farming.